2/24/14 Devin's day

LO3:

• with the recovery of Greek civilization, tribal communities of the dark ages began to develop into city- states. communities of this kind had often arisen before
• acropolis- a combination of fortress and temple precinct. at the center of an ancient Greek town and on top of a hill
• Assyrians were reaching for power westward of Mesopotamia
• hoplite- a heavily armed and armored citizen soldier of ancient Greece
• phalanx- a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy.
• monarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a single, usually hereditary ruler (a monarch)
• oligarchy- a state in which supreme power is held by a small group
• triremes- massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.
• tyranny- rule by a self proclaimed dictator (a tyrant)
• democracy- in ancient Greece, a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making
• SPARTA
• the Spartans were descendants of the Greeks who had conquered part of the  southern mainland, the territory of Laconia
• by the eighth century B.C they were a minority of land holders (less than ten thousand adult males) ruling over a majority of helots
• helots- noncitizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city state of Sparta
• nobody knows when and how Spartans developed their government but in the fifth century b.c policy decisions had been taken over by a council of elders- some thirty men from leading families who had to be at least sixty years of age and were chosen by the citizens  for life.
• the cities and farms were runned by the helots, and a middle class of immigrant aliens took care of industry and trade.
• the boys were taken from their homes at the age of 7 and were taught behavior and reading and writing and were started on a lifelong routine of toughness and military training.
• they even had to marry at age twenty
• the women had to require in drills and exercises that were designed to develop them into healthy child bearing women
• 'to protect their harsh rigid way of life, the Spartans tried to seal off their city state from outside influences. Sparta had little contact with foreigners; it discouraged trade and showed visitors little hospitality
• Athens- to Athens the Sparta life was not worth living
• Athens joke about Sparta was that their way of life explained their willingness to face death
• Sparta was agricultural and landlocked; Athens carried on a prosperous commerce and had direct access to the sea
• trireme was what made their navy so strong
• Sparta had a strong army and Athens had a strong navy
• Sparta sought cultural isolation and Athens welcomed foreign ideas and visitors
• Sparta more controlled Athens free way of life
• Sparta- exercises Athens- reading and writing
• aristocrats- descendants of prominent and long established Athenian families that had traditionally ruled the city state and- the increasingly numerous demos.
• Athens passed through several stages of political growth from monarchy to democracy
• the Persian wars in which Athens led the Greek city states to victory. this success was followed by Athens golden age
• in the 6ty century b.c Persians conquered a realm that stretched from the border of india to the Nile and the aegan.
• in Athenian democracy ultimate  government power rested in the assembly of adult male citizens.
•  ostracism- banishment for ten years by a majority vote of Athenian assembly
• the hundred thousand slaves in Athens were also a diverse group
• aliens-people from somewhere else in Greece some were wealthy business men or  independent women like Aspasia who socialized on equal terms with the fine and noble citizens
• the Athenian laws and customs and concerning women, aliens, and slaves were not a special feature of democracy of such.
• they were the local versions of traditional values and practices that the Athenians shared with most of the world at the time.
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